Groovy Series: String & GString 2/2

//we can access the contents of strings with an list-like syntax
def fileName = '/home/username/file.txt'
assert fileName[0] == "/"
assert fileName[-4..-1] == '.txt'
// replace .txt with _old.txt
def fileWithSuffix = fileName - '.txt' + '_old.txt'
assert fileWithSuffix == '/home/username/file_old.txt'
 
//center some text for a nice looking report
def title = 'Report Title'
def centeredTitle = title.center(80)
assert centeredTitle == '                                  Report Title                                  '
 
//add some text with the left-shift operator
def hello = 'Hello'
hello <<= ' ' << 'World' << '!'  //using << returns a StringBuffer!
assert hello != 'Hello World!' 
assert hello.toString() == 'Hello World!'
 
//multiply strings
def fiveTimes = "times" * 5
assert fiveTimes == 'timestimestimestimestimes'